The new thinking that machine tool structure configures

1 light those who quantify machine tool structural member optimizing a target is to be below the premise that assures machine tool static state and dynamic function dislodge part is small quantify. Traditional design idea is machine tool stiffness had jumped over greatly more, contemporary design notion is quality has been jumped over gentlier. Mobile component quality is light, can improve the dynamic performance of the machine tool not only, more important is to reduce drive power, realize energy-saving province material, achieve the goal with friendly environment. How to assure the stiffness of the machine tool, traditional point of view is the wall that increases structural member thick. The wall is large with weight it is cubic relation, the wall is large with stiffness it is linear relation. More main index is stiffness quality is compared. As the addition with large wall, stiffness quality is compared reduce subsequently, of material use effectively poorer. The appearance that the successful key that machine tool structural member designs consists structural member is mixed of muscle board reasonable decorate, in light quantify while, realize tall stiffness and tall stiffness quality to compare. For example, structure of the box in box (graph 2) the significant progress that is configuration of machine tool structure. Its characteristic is the box shape structure that uses frame formula, mobile component embeds of another component close in frame box, achieve thereby raise the stiffness, goal that reduces mobile component quality. Nextpage 　 　 3.

2 build a model, emulate and optimize the foundation in CAD hypostatic model to go up, can build finite yuan of model, method of number of have the aid of determines the performance of machine tool structure, seek solution through linear equation the machine tool is overall the response that reachs its structural member to fall in load. The form of load can be force of gravity, cutting, acceleration and quantity of heat, load is given attrib border condition. The result such as that load produces is out of shape and the discretion of the size of stress, natural frequency and temperature rise. Have the aid of is finite yuan of analysis and the static state that emulate acquisition result to be able to forecast a machine tool and dynamic function, use at improving the design of the machine tool. Develop attacks optimizing is a kind of new machine tool structural member optimizes a method, its target is to search bear single load or the optimal material of many load structural member distribute program. Be in given in designing a space, give optimal design plan according to designation to load and computation of attrib border condition, for example: ① stiffness is changeless the volume below premise is the minorrest change, reduce weight; ② bulk is changeless the stiffness below premise is the biggest change, reduce be out of shape; ③ bulk is changeless, the first natural frequency is the biggest change, improve dynamic performance. Develop attacks the structural member after optimizing the external form is normally odd, not beautiful, also cannot machine, need undertakes the appearance is optimized, in order to raise the rate of requirement of contented treatment craft and structural semmetry, reduce stress concentration at the same time, improve the dynamic fatigue resistance of structural member. Finite yuan of analysis and develop attack optimized case is shown 3 times like the graph. The design is optimized is an iteration process, from the concept the design begins, in different design phase, need have the aid of corresponding software undertakes iteration optimizing to machine tool structure, ability assures what design the function of the machine tool quite. 3.

The material of structural member of 3 machine tools is mixed to realize high accuracy, tall productivity zoology is friendly the target of the machine tool, choose correctly in what material must pay close attention to when design and optimizing machine tool structural member. Material is quality, inertial to the shift of the machine tool quadrature, static state and dynamic stiffness, natural frequency and hot property have very big effect. The data that at present machine tool structural member uses extensively is cast-iron with steel, both has good stiffness quality comparing and quality value are compared. But need to choose new material ability to satisfy the requirement with high-powered machine tool further quite below certain circumstance. For example: ① colophony concrete or mineral cast, damp coefficient is big, use at the fixed structural member such as machine tool lathe bed; ② marble, damp coefficient is big, thermal stability is tall, use at exceeding lathe bed of accurate machine tool; ③ carbon fiber, quality is light, intensity is high, use at structural member of high speed shift; ④ mixes material, solder in steel fill up inside the structure colophony concrete, wait in order to raise damp. Function of main to the stuff that the function of the machine tool has bigger effect physics is: Yang modulus E: The numerical value of Yang modulus has openly effect to the static state of the machine tool and dynamic stiffness. Poisson comparing ν and cut a model to measure G: These two numerical value turn round stiffness to have openly effect to the machine tool. Density ρ : The mobile structural member of low density is advantageous to performance of machine tool trends, and the material of high density applies to the fixed structural member such as such as lathe bed, base. Heat up α of coefficient of expansion: Pairs of numerical value is greater machine tools are more adverse. Thermal capacity C: The thermal capacity of structural member is large, make a machine tool not sensitive to environmental temperature change, but after meaning a machine tool to start at the same time just can reach hot steady state more for long. Thermal conductance κ : Thermal conductance makes the machine tool achieves hot even status more quickly high, avoid local or asymmetry is screwy. But the quantity of heat of the calorific parts of an apparatus such as dynamotor, bearing sends structural member very quickly also, cause heat to be out of shape. The damp of material and structure: Tall damp has openly effect to performance of machine tool trends, can restrain oscillatory generation. The innovation case 　 that structure of 4 machine tools configures 4.

The AS600 machine tool of the company of Alfing of Germany of configuration of machine tool structure of 1 0 mechanical drive is used modular configuration and the structure of 0 mechanical drive, the machine tool comprises by 4 big module: ① base and pillar; ② circumgyrate workbench; ③ splint exchanges unit; ④ cutting tool exchanges unit. The design that finishs shift of Cartesian coordinate X, Y, Z among them has the place of distinctive innovation quite, if pursue,4 are shown. See from inside the graph, in close the slide carriage that the configuration in the pillar of frame moves up and down, implementation Y axis moves, the main shaft ram of slide carriage lower part but adjustable, implementation Z axis moves. But the implementation of X axis displacement and traditional method are completely different, it is fictitious, not be by the overlay of the component shift comes true, the corner that circles slide carriage center by Y axis and main shaft ram however cooperates to come true each other, x=Rsin θ , its are the biggest the journey is 650 Mm, process designing method and traditional Cartesian coordinate do not have distinction. Main shaft uses synchronous report main shaft, the deflexion of main shaft ram by drive of electromotor of high-power moment of force, in order to assure a needed output power and acceleration. The advantage of this kind of patent design is a structure compact, cover an area of an area small. AS600 machine tool considers speed and precision at the same time. All and linear introduce direct drive entirely with circumgyrate motion, come true " 0 " mechanical drive. The dynamic performance of direct drive is good, mix without noise wear away very small. The fast and floating rate of axis of its X, Y, Z is 120 M/min, acceleration is 15 M/s2, 15 M/s2 and 20 M/s2 respectively. The dynamic property that leaves to assure to move in high speed, of frame of machine tool pillar and lathe bed structure fight brace up capability is very high. Of lathe bed inside core irrigated a kind of does not have contractive concrete and steel mixture material that calls HydroPol, in order to assure outstanding static state and dynamic stiffness. Nextpage 　 　 4.

2 convert and the Hessapp company with the subordinate group of automation of MAG of machine tool 　 of compound configuration rolls out buy DVT series convert and buy is compound the vertical lathe of configuration, have 8 kinds of type, diameter of the biggest treatment arrives from 250 Mm 750 Mm, if the graph is shown 5 times,its structure configures a form. Convert type treatment is to shorten the configuration of auxiliary time, structure of new-style machine tool that raises manufacturing rate. Traditional the vertical turning means of buy is workpiece outfit place in circumgyrate main shaft (workbench) on, come true advocate motion, cutting tool clip is held go up in tool carrier, from upside or the feed that flank realizes two way, the round treatment outside undertaking end panel is mixed. Convert type is machined do exactly the opposite, workpiece outfit is placed on main shaft, from above tend cutting tool finishs two direction feed. From the graph 5 visible, on the inclined lathe bed of DVT series machine tool, the ram of two or so mobile pillar that two side have servo electromotor to adopt drive of ball guide screw, realize the sudden shift of X1 axis and X2 axis and Z1 and Z2 axis and feed respectively. Left is convert treatment, main shaft is in upper part; Right is buy treatment, main shaft is subjacent. The workpiece main shaft on or so pillar or turn the sudden shift that tower tool carrier can make X axis and Z axis way and feed. Because falling, need not invert workpiece to be able to machine the two end of workpiece, rose to machine precision, the main shaft of convert holds concurrently assemble and unassemble the manipulator of workpiece, the workpiece that treatment ends places claw to place to the conveyer belt on the right side of the machine tool by machinery, won't as promiscuous as semifinished product. When convert is machined, because feed moves to hold the main shaft of workpiece to finish by clip, in main shaft on the right side of can configure secure what do not move to turn tower tool carrier. when buy is machined, turn configuration of tower tool carrier is on the slide carriage of pillar, implementation feed moves, secure the main shaft in machine tool west the front to provide cutting power only. In addition, because workpiece clip is held,go up in main shaft, machine what arise in the process to cut bits and cooling fluid to fall immediately collecting implement inside, be helpful for assuring to machine precision and quantity of heat to move except. Cross machine tool is mid and on the right side of configuration has conveyer belt of adjustable tray type, the mount on splint needs the semifinished product of treatment, conveyer belt sends the treatment of the machine tool area semifinished product, convert main shaft with respect to tend conveyer belt, capture or drop work, workpiece assembles and unassemble can finish inside 6 S, improved manufacturing efficiency apparently thereby, shortened treatment metre. Structure of machine tool of DVT series double main shaft is compact, OK replace two machine tools, cover an area of an area small, treatment efficiency is tall, suit the complete treatment of the accurate part that large quantities of quantities produce. 4.

3 accurate grinding and turning are compound the S242 of the company of Studer of famous grinder manufacturer with the subordinate group of KrberSchleifring of machine tool 　 of treatment is all-purpose and accurate compound machine tool uses grinding and turning modular design principle, configure 2 or 3 different transverse slide carriage. Wheelhead of the circle outside can be being installed on slide carriage (or so wheelhead, 0 ° and emery wheel of 25 ° bevel) , 3 kinds of 8 ～ 12 knives car, mill, auger turn tower tool carrier, and of 3 inside of round grinding main shaft turn tower. The machine tool that afore-mentioned module comprise shares 25 kinds of different configuration to be able to choose for the user. Machine tool of S242 compound treatment machines grinding of accurate round cylinder and hard turning two kinds of technologies to be united in wedlock, make install clip to be able to be machined end a workpiece, rose to machine efficiency not only, assure more easily to machine precision. S242 accurate grinding and turning are compound the scagliola lathe bed that machines a machine tool to use a brand to be GranitanS103, design tilt structure, if pursue,6 are shown. Its main good point is as follows: (1) the accessibility sex when the operation; (2) those who add man-hour is good suck brace up quality; (3) high thermal stability; (4) good platoon bit and ability of cooling fluid eduction. The compound treatment of accurate grinding and good car can shorten substantially handling time. It is in order to machine HSK 63 knife handle exemple, common cylindrical grinder is machined, need 5 labor situation, hold clip 2 times, treatment cycle time is 181 S; Use machine tool of S242 compound treatment, need situation of labor of a grinding and situation of 3 turning labor only, treatment cycle time is 98 S, shortened 45 ％ , improved manufacturing efficiency greatly. 5 epilogue and look into develop brand-new structure photograph to compare eagerly with enterprise of foreign machine tool, trend of industry of domestic machine tool uses configuration of groovy machine tool structure, the choice standard of the user changes direction lower the price, in order to reduce investment cost. In atmosphere of this kind of market, price great war is not to have avoidable result. Had commercialized in functional component today, the vendibility of a machine tool, depend on whether does it have unique, irreplaceable characteristic, can be specific client group the value with new creation. If the configuration of machine tool structure and athletic system does not have characteristic, cannot bring new competitive dominant position for the client again, even if be to choose,distributed best functional part, the manufacturing trader that won't give a machine tool brings more profit. The treatise from the article and enumerated we can see case, the trend that machine tool structure configures has the following: (1) of component of machine tool shift light the significant progress direction that quantifying is high-end machine tool, it can reduce the negative effect of force, improve performance of machine tool trends; Reduce drive power, make machine tool green is changed. (2) take the place of with report as far as possible machine, use direct drive means, shorten mechanical drive catenary or need not mechanical drive, improve the dynamic performance of the machine tool, reduce the negative effect of transmission clearance. (3) use compound treatment means, will different process is compositive go up to a machine tool, realize intricate work to be in a machine tool is complete treatment, treatment circulates and raise treatment precision in order to shorten. (4) modular the individual demand that designs OK and contented different user to be configured to the machine tool, implementation is large-scale custom-built principle, shorten date of delivery, raise the dependability of the machine tool. (5) the composite material that machine tool structural member uses innovation, raise the damp of machine tool structure, reduce vibration, in order to increase the stable extent that the machine tool works. CNC Milling CNC Machining